Oak
Oak is a cool-temperate tree that grows best in the 10–18°C range with 600–950 mm of rain, cropping year after year as a perennial.
How it grows
Oak grows on a tree — the fruit ripens above the ground, up in the canopy.
Where Earth's climate suits oak
Climatic suitability only — scored for every 0.5° of the planet from this crop's temperature and rainfall tolerances (FAO EcoCrop) on AgroClim 1991–2025 normals (AgERA5 temperature, CHIRPS/ERA5 rainfall). It shows where the rain-fed climate permits the crop, not where it is grown today; irrigation lets many crops thrive in drier country than the map suggests (California, Egypt, the Indus and Nile).
Who grows it — and where the climate merely allows it
Climate envelope · FAO EcoCrop
Deep bar = optimal range; pale bar = absolute tolerance. Beyond the pale bar the crop fails. Latitude tolerance ±65° · soil pH 4.5–7.5.
Growing calendar & hazards
A perennial: once established it crops year after year, flushing and fruiting with the local wet and warm seasons rather than on a single annual calendar.
- Hard freeze. Tolerant of chill but killed once temperatures fall below about -1°C.
- Drought. Relatively drought-hardy, but a failed rainy season still cuts yield sharply where irrigation is absent.